Jumat, 14 Desember 2012

Joseph put into cistern


Joseph put into cistern

On the next day after a night long berundingkan brother Joseph met his sister exclusion strategy and design which is a serious rival to win the hearts of the fathers, they came face Prophet Ya'qub Yusuf father asked permission to bring together their recreation outside the city. Said spokesman Mark ably to the father: "O our father loved! We hunger for recreation and berkelah outside the city abuzz and wanted that free our brother Yusuf participate and not miss it, enjoying the clear air under a clean blue sky. We'll get something to eat and drink enough to feed us for a day out of town for a light-hearted and fun, entertaining and paved heart lara chest tightness, while reinforcing a sense of brotherhood and a spirit of harmony among brothers. "

Jacob said to her son: "Behold, the very merungsingkan fikiranku when Joseph was away from the reach of my eyes, let alone will participate with you out of the city, in the open field, which according to hearing many wild animals such as wolves that roam there a lot. I no thought that you would take care off guard, because you are busy playing their own sehinggakan into prey for wild beasts that. How sad I was when it happened. You know how fond I am of Joseph who was ditingglkan by his mother. "

Her son replied: "O our father! Maskan sense, that Joseph would be torn to pieces by wolves or other wild animals in front of our eyes this collection? Though none of our stature to be weak or timid. We can reject any interference or attack from wherever it comes from, whether it is a wild animal or other creature. We are strong enough and brave and we keep Yusuf best, will not remove it from our view even wink. We will lay down one's life for the safety of us, and where we will put our faces when things disappointing about Yusuf's father. "

Finally prophet yusuf there is no reason to deny the request to bring her children Joseph recreation delivered him at the hands of his brothers who know Mark did not like it and did not put him affection. He was a blessing to her children: "Well if you're able to be responsible for the security and keselamtannya according to the words you say that, then I let Joseph be with you, may God protect you all along."

On the following day the group departed sons of Ya'qub except Benjamin, to the actual recreation area or to the place where, according to the draft, Joseph will be abandoned. Arriving Mark around the lake is the goal, Joseph immediately stripped off his clothes and was cast in the lake regardless of the screams of the little tears did not change the hearts of his brothers had lost his love for his sister who was innocent. Their hearts were relieved and a roomy chest Mark as rotten design has been successfully implemented and as such will be open Heart Ya'qub as possible for Mark, and if the action would be miserable father Mark, then over time it will lose the sadness when Mark clever cheer to forget and obliterate the memory of his father's shadow Ysuf.

On the evening of the day Mark returned back home without that Joseph left alone in the dark Tegala base, bringing along his clothes drenched in blood after a rabbit who deliberately cut for that purpose, Mark mengadap Prophet Ya'qub cried while shedding tears and pretend as if and grief to his father Mark said: "O my father! How unlucky and nahasnya day for us, that kekhuatiran the father of Joseph pointed out to us we have had to happen and being the fact that the sharp hunch father was not missed. Joseph was attacked by a wolf when his Dolphins ran our plays and leaving Joseph alone keeping clothes. We were careful enough keep us in accordance with our brother's father, but because, according to our observations at the time, there was no sign or trace of wild animals around the place we play, we sometimes do not see any harm by leaving Joseph alone keep clothes we are not from where we played even still reach our eyes. But the wolves are apparently being staked our brother Joseph, the acting so quickly using our lengahnya chance, play time so we hurried to help save the lives of our sisters our very dear and loved it. Oh father! We very much regret that we ourselves have failed to occupy the promise and our ability to father when we asked permission takes the Joseph, but what he would say if destiny wills it so. These clothes were splattered with blood Yusuf as proof of the truth of us is, even if we feel that free dad will not believe us even though we tell the truth. "

Prophet Jacob had obtained the premonition of what would happen myself up his favorite son Joseph and knowing how his brothers attitude towards his brother Joseph, could do nothing but surrender to the divine providence and while pressing sense of sadness, anxiety and anger was bubbled in her chest, she said to her son: "You have indulge in carnal passions and follow what is drafted by the devil to you. You have committed an act that would result you will feel yourself later if already open the veil of smoke that should pertolong held Him in all things and events.

The contents of this story can be read in the Qur'an in sura "Yusuf" verse 11 so 18 as follows:

"11. They said: "O our father! why you do not trust us with Joseph, seeing that we are the ones who desire the good of him. "12. Let is he going with us tomorrow, rather he {could} have fun and {} can play and we definitely keep it real. "13. Jacob said: "Verily, leaving you with Yusef very sad and I no thought in case the wolf devour him while ye careless thereof." 14. They said: "If he was really eaten by wolves, while we are a strong group {}, so that indeed we are the ones who lose." 15. So when they took him and agreed to put it in and then they enter the lake {him} and {at the time he was in the lake} We reveal unto {Joseph}: "Surely you will tell them what they have done this, they will not remember. 16. Then they came to their father in the evening, weeping. 17. They said: "O our father! Actually we went berlumba dolphins and left Joseph with our stuff close, and he occasionally eaten by wolves and you will not believe us, even if we are the right people. "18. They came with a dress shirt soaked {} with fake blood. Jacob said: "Actually, the one who looked at me kind of bad deeds {} it then that's good patience {patience}. And God alone who sought protection against what you're describing. "

Joseph was sold as a slave-buying

Joseph was in the dungeon alone, pervaded by darkness and the great silence. He looked up and down to the right and to the left to think about how he can mengangkatkan him out of the dungeon, but he saw something interchangeable tidap help. IA can only see the shadow of his body in a shallow water beneath his feet. It's a test that is very hard for a young Joseph is still not a lot of his experiences in life, even the first time he was separated from his father who loved and spoiled. Much more was weighed uijian it is because the throw to the base of the lake it was her brothers themselves, the sons of his father.

Joseph in addition to thinking about fate is going through, and how he saved himself from starvation if he had not been helped, he always remembering his father when he saw his brothers returned home without him with Mark.
Three days later, since Joseph was thrown into a cistern, and have not seen the signs that give hope for him to get out of the cage, while famine has begun shadowing and was almost desperate when suddenly he heard the faint sound strange noise that has not been heard since he was thrown into the lake. Increasingly clear voices that finally sounds like a dog barking sounds of people talking and laughing out loud and the sound of human and animal footprints around the lake was.

Apparently what was heard by Joseph, was the voices raised by the caravan was stopped at around the well, where he was confined to beristirehat while looking for drinking water for animals, Mark and Mark. how genbiranya keetika Joseph when he was putting his ears and voice menengar caravan chief ordered his men let go scoop take water from the lake was. A moment later seen by Joseph A scoop down to the bottom and covered by hand so tightly dipeganglah bailer was then pulled up by the wayfarer and yell complain because of the weight-drawn scoop it.

The travelers who are in the caravan was shocked and amazed when I saw that free incriminating scoop it instead of water, but man alive handsome, tall stature, and clean white. They negotiate what will be done with the servants of God who have been found at the base of the dungeon, release it in a quiet place or returned to their families. Finally bersepakatlah Mark to be taken to Egypt and sold there as a slave to the price, which, according to Mark interpretation will achieve a high price, because of his good and handsome in appearance.

Caravan's arrival in Egypt, they brought Joseph in a particular market, where people traded and traded as a commodity or as farm animals. Joseph then offered in public dilelongkan. And because the travelers who took no thought it would open the meeting of Joseph, they are reluctant to keep growing until it reaches a high price, but releasing it on the first offer low prices and inadequate. Though a prophet like Joseph can not be valued with the gold money even with the whole world was out of balance as a great human beings and great God like Prophet Yusuf whom God has outlined in his destiny that free it shall carry out the sacred mission and carry out a decisive role in pengaulan mankind.

The Prophet Joseph in pelelongan was bought by Egyptian policy keeetua Fathifar named as the first bidder, who was happy to obtain a flawless servant alone good, strong stature and mien which suggests that free the man who bought it contained a great soul, pure heart clean and that free he is not of the human qualities that must be traded.
Fathifar said to his wife when introduced Joseph to him: "Here I am that I just bought from pelelongan. Give it a good treatment and services in case we would have obtained the benefit of future drpnya and picked it as our biological children. I got an inkling of his face and the face motion-gerinya that free it from a class that should not be traded, even likely that free he is a descendant of a noble family, and the people are civilized.

Mrs Fathifar, wife of Chief Joseph Polis Egypt received at his home, according to the orders of her husband. dilayan as one rather than family members, and sometimes it does not diperlakukannya as slave purchase. Joseph was able to adjust to the household Futhifar. He did chores at home with passion and with honesty and discipline. Any liability or duty ordered him taken care of with pleasure as if from command by his own parents. Thus, it will be increasingly disayanglah Chief Joseph in the Egyptian policy that felt as if they were in the family home and the parents themselves.

About the content of the story, can be read in sura "Yusuf" verse 19 that paragraph 21 as follows: ~
"19. Then there came a caravan of travelers: Mark sent a fetch their water, he let down his bucket, he said: "Oh! Khabar excited, it's a boy! "Then Mark hid him as merchandise. And Allah is Aware of what Mark did. 20. And Mark sold him for a low price, namely a few dirhams SHJ, and Mark was not interested in him! 21. And the Egyptian who bought it said to his wife: "Give him space {and} the service is good, he may be useful to us or we shall adopt him as a son." And precisely demekian We provide a good position to Joseph in the land of Egypt {} and so we taught her destiny dream. And God is able to his affairs, but most people do not know. "{Surah Yusuf: 19 ~ 21}

Joseph in temptation mistress Futhifar

Joseph lived a quiet and peaceful home Futhifar, Chairman Polis Egypt, since he set foot in the house. He mendpt full confidence of both his employer, the husband and wife, taking care of their households and carry out the orders and all purposes Mk with sincerely, sincerity and honesty, not demanding wage and recompense for all the energy and effort devoted to the interests of the family. He regarded himself as a servant of the house was not paid, but as a family member DRP. presumption nor his employer, the husband and wife against him.

Peace of life and contentment that diperdpt by Joseph during his stay in the house Futhifar, has influenced kesihatan and body growth. He who has God dikurnai physical perfection with a happy life and home Futhifar soft, add fresh face more visible, more good-looking and more upright body, so he was a young teenager mighty seductive heart of every woman who saw it, not exception Futhifar wife, his mistress alone, even it is not impossible that it will be a fight man, if he lived in the city said Sadum in the hands of the people of Prophet Lut-when.

Pengaulan days under one roof between Yusuf young teen heroes and Mrs. Futhifar, a beautiful young woman, and beautiful, would not avoid the risk of immoral acts, in the absence of the power of faith and piety that insulate lust ammara bissu . So is what happens to the wife of Chief Joseph and the Egyptian policy.
In the first days of Joseph is in the midst of the family, Mrs. Futhifar not take it and treat it more as a servant than a cekap, agile, energetic and honest, moral and virtuous character is good. He just admire it luhurnya properties as well as efficiency and dexterity in completing work tasks pasrahkan affairs and him. However, is the love was always preceded by a sense of sympathy.

Mrs Futhifar sympathy and admiration for the workings of Joseph, gradually turned into sympathy and admiration for the banda and face shape face. Motion-geri and Joseph diperhatika behavior from afar and he glanced with great caution. Sparks of love in the hearts of young Mrs. Joseph Futhifar against increasingly bigger and burning every time she saw him was nearby or hear his voice and the sound of his footsteps. Although he tried memandamkan fire burning in his chest and insulate hedak was raging lust in his heart, to keep maruahnya as an employer and as a wife mepertahankan Policy Chairman, but he did not attempt to master the feelings of the heart and the power of the air nasfunya minds. When he sat alone, then terbayanglah in front of him will face Joseph chic and nice body and remains attached shadows in front of his eyes and his heart, though he was trying to eliminate them by turning his attention to the affairs and busy households. And finally surrender to the will of Mrs Futhifar and vocation and passion that mnedpt support diketepikanlahnya devil and the devil and all considerations maruah, position and dignity and self-respect in accordance with the reasonable demands of the councilors.

Mrs Futhifar tactics, fishing mamancing Joseph that he first approached her and instead she used the approach of Joseph in order to maintain the honor of his wife as the Chairman of the Policy. He was always immaculately dressed and decorated, when Joseph was at home, stimulating them with perfumes and demonstrate the motion-geri and behavior as he appeared, as if by accident a portion of her liver normally arouse men.
Joseph, who did not realize that, Zulaikha, the wife Futhifar, love and lust contains him, consider treatment to her sweet and Zulaikha approach is common in accordance with the order Futhifar his wife when brought home from perlelongan. He applies common manners and be respectful and not the slightest visible from any right of movement or action to indicate that he was captivated by the style and action of Zulaikha who want to attract attention and mengiurkan heart. Prophet Joseph as a candidate has been equipped by God with a steady faith, a noble character and high moral character. He will not do anything immoral fall at once an act or an act of betrayal to the people who believe in treating it as a child and give him a place in the middle of their families.

Coldness and indifference to the seduction of Joseph and Zulaikha behavior aimed at making Zulaikha syahwatnya arouse even more hotheaded and determined dkan try to continue until the point is reached. If action vaguely that he did not remain dimengertikan by Joseph Yang dianggapkannya cold-blooded, it will do it upfront and if necessary even by force.
Zulaikha, not lasting longer wait for the reaction of Joseph who remain cold, indifferent to seduction and a vague solicitation thereof. So the chance when her husband was not at home, go to a booth Zulaikha bed and cried unto Joseph, to follow. Joseph immediately followed and went into the booth behind Zulaikha, as he often did when in ask for his help to do something in the stall. May it never crossed his thoughts preformance Zulaikha times that orders him to go to his chambers is not the usual command to indent something ordinary commanded. He was only aware when he berad in the stall, the door locked by Zulaikha, the veil lay aside while he said to Joseph, "Ayuh, O Yusuf! Here I am ready for you, I could not resist any longer keep a sense Rinduku to touch your body. Here I give you my body, at will do your heart's heart and passions. "

As he turned his face the other way, Joseph said: "May God protect me from the temptations of Satan. No way, O lord my daughter I would do immoral and fulfill your will. If I do what I want ladyship, I have betrayed my lord, husband ladyship, who has bestowed his kindness and affection to me. The trust has dilimpahkannya to me, is a message that I am not worthy to harm. Occasionally no reciprocation akanku good lord with perkhianatan and desecration of his good name. Besides the wrath of God will be with me and would curse me if if I do what you ask ladyship than me. Allah is aware of what is really being done by servants.

Soon Zulaikha eyes bulging and his face turned red, angry marks overwhelming, due to the refusal of Joseph tehadap she said. He felt himself insulted and belittled by him for the refusal, which he considered an impudent act of a servant to his master who had humbled themselves to sleep with him, but was rebuffed. Padhal does little magnifying government and people have long domiciled seduce her and wanted to touch her beautiful, but it was ignored by Zulaikha.

Yusuf Zulaikha saw eyes were bulging and his face became red, being afraid of things happen that are not desirable, and immediately ran toward the door closed, but Zulaikha quickly got up from her bed, Joseph pursuing trying to open the door, ditariknyalah strong- Strong by Zulaikha rear portion so torn shirt. Just at the time they are behind the door, pull, come Futhifar find Mark in suspicious circumstances were.

With nothing to give Joseph a chance to open his mouth, quickly Zulaikha said to her husband who was standing dumbfounded looking to both the belief that, "This is Joseph, the servant whom you adore and praise it has dared to brazenly go into my cubicle and forced meets passion syahwatnya. Give her the reward commensurate with ferocious deeds. People who do not know our gratitude should be imprisoned and diberika seksaan poignant. "

History of Hinduism


History of Hinduism

Hinduism is a religion that has aged the longest is the first religion known to man. In the description of this will be explained when and where religion was revealed and a brief description of the process of development. Hinduism is a religion that has given rise to a culture that highly complex field of astronomy, agricultural science, philosophy and other sciences. Because of widespread exposure and too mendetailnya coverage of Hinduism, it is sometimes difficult to understand.

Many experts in the field of religion and science that have been steeped in Hindu religion so there is an assortment of interpretation and analysis of the Hindu religion. Until now there has been no consensus among experts to determine when the Hindu religion was revealed, as well as the distribution method and the mission has not been widely understood.

Hindu religion which gives the appearance of freedom is high enough to perform the ceremony caused many scholars who write about religion is not in accordance with what is actually there in the Hindu religion.
For example: "Many experts wrote that Hinduism is a religion and all sorts polytheistis again very unpleasant assessments, as well as harming Hinduism".
Besides, among the Hindus itself was still a lot of insights that are less precise on religion is understood and practiced. Thus the purpose of this paper is to help straighten the opinions diverge and unclear understanding of the truth of the Hindu religion.

HINDU RELIGION IN INDIA

The development of Hindu religion in India, can essentially be divided into 4 phases, Vedic Age, the Age of Brahmans, Upanishads and Jaman Jaman Buddhism. From the relics of ancient objects in Mohenjodaro and Harappa, suggesting that the people who lived in India in the first jamam has had a high civilization. One of the interesting relics, is a sculpture that shows the embodiment of Shiva. These remains closely associated with the teachings of the Vedas, because at this age has known the worship of the gods.
Vedic era begins at the time the Aryans were in Punjab Sindhu River Valley, around 2500 up to 1500 years before Christ, after urging the nation Dravidian South fence to the Deccan plateau. Aryan has had a high civilization, they worshiped gods like Agni, Varuna, Vayu, Indra, Shiva and so on. Although many gods, but everything is a manifestation and realization of the Almighty One. Single and God Almighty is seen as a regulator orderly universe, called "CPC". At this time, the public is divided over the Brahmans, Ksatriya, Vaisya and Sudra.

In the Age of Brahmins, Brahmins immense power in the religious life, the brahmanalah which deliver the offerings to the gods at the time. Brahmins era marked also began compilation of "Procedure Ceremony" organized religion. Book Brahmin, is a book that describes the food and ceremony. Procedures for the Preparation of religious ceremonies by the revelations of God contained in Scripture verses Vedas.

While in the Age of the Upanishads, the emphasis is not only limited to the ceremony and the food alone, but rather increased at a higher spiritual knowledge, which can open the veil of the supernatural secrets. This Upanisad era was the era of development and preparation of the philosophy of religion, that is the time people on the basis of Vedic philosophy. In this era came the teaching philosophy that high, which also developed the doctrine Darsana, Itihasa and Puranas. Since the time of the Puranas, worshiping God as Tri Murti become common.

Furthermore, the Buddha's era, beginning when the son of King Sudhodana called "Sidhartha", interpreting the Vedas from the point of logic and developed a system of yoga and Semadhi, as a way to connect with God.
Hinduism, from South India to spread through out India in several ways. Of the direction of propagation of the teachings of Hinduism arrived in the archipelago.



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Kamis, 13 Desember 2012

Hand fan

Hand fan

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19th century depiction of a Japanese folding fan with a poem on its open surface.
Fig. 3. Bengalese fan used in Indian homes. The handle is made of wood, the fan part of silk and satin. The first fans used in India were made of palm leaves. They were used against flies, also a tail of the yak (Tibetan steer)) was used for this purpose,
A hand-held fan is an implement used to induce an airflow for the purpose of cooling or refreshing oneself. Any broad, flat surface waved back-and-forth will create a small airflow and therefore can be considered a rudimentary fan. But generally, purpose-made hand-held fans are shaped like a sector of a circle and made of a thin material (such as paper or feathers) mounted on slats which revolve around a pivot so that it can be closed when not in use.
The movement of a hand-held fan provides cooling by increasing the airflow over the skin which in turn increases the evaporation rate of sweat droplets on the skin. This evaporation has a cooling effect due to the latent heat of evaporation of water. Fans are convenient to carry around, especially folding fans.

Rabu, 12 Desember 2012

Camera storage

Camera storage
Storage has particularly KameraJika more funds can be considered for purchase drybox using dampness regulating device as a camera storage. Store dry and avoid bnda - magnetized objects.
Absolute care should be done routinely. Good maintenance will maintain the condition of our equipment properly will give masksimal conditions on our DSLR camera.

Caring for Memory Cards

Caring for Memory Cards
MemoryBiasakan card to save the memory card inside the casing to avoid dust, exposure to magnetic objects brmedan and extend the life of your memory card. Treat objects - objects with a heart - the heart, yangkecil shape makes them easily damaged. To protect it, keep always in its own casing - each when not dipergunakan.Biasakan to store the memory card in the chassis to avoid dust, exposure to magnetic objects brmedan and extend the life of your memory card. Treat objects - objects with a heart - the heart, yangkecil shape makes them easily damaged. To protect it, keep always in its own casing - one when not in use.

Caring for Lens

Caring for Lens
LensaJangan optical touch the lens with your finger, always plug the filter or use a lens hood protector. Attach the lens cap is always when not in use to reduce the risk of dust sticking. If you want to clean the lens, use of blower first, then lens brush, lens cloth if any new fingerprints attached. Wipe the lens gently and slowly with a lens cloth / lens dry paper with a circular motion of the lens toward the exit. If needed, the liquid lens cleaner / lens cleaning fluid can be used specifically to clean dirt - dirt lens rather stubborn. Do not shed directly on the lens, put the lens paper first, then rub gently on the lens.

MATERIALS II

MATERIALS II
Caring for DLSR Camera
DSLR Camera maintenance is needed at all because if it is not cleaned DSLR camera performance will be reduced.
How to clean a camera that will be discussed not only for my DSLR camera but can be used for all cameras.
Caring for Camera Body
BodyPertama clean the outside of the camera body deng soft cloth, use of a blower to remove dust from corners - corners. Cleaning the inside begins to use your blower and blower brush for stubborn dirt, me - lock up the mirror to the top if you want memblower the sensor. It is not recommended to clean your own if there is stubborn dirt on the camera sensor since the sensor is extremely sensitive chart.

Maintaining the Scanner

Maintaining the Scanner

     Do not touch the glass surface of the scanner. Besides can cause scratches, oil and dirt, it can also damage the surface of the glass, could ultimately affect their prints are less than the maximum. If you want to clean this piece, use a microfiber cloth with a material so that no fiber fabric that remains.
     When the scans an image of a thick book or magazine, you should not use the scanner cover to suppress it. If forced it can can cause the scanner lid hinge is broken or loosened.
     Cleanliness scanner also needs to be maintained. Dirt on the device, usually caused by dust and dirt are tucked in some parts. If ignored, it is not likely due to a buildup of dust can interfere with it, especially if there are scratches
     Wipe with cotton and a little liquid alcohol, then rubbed it gently. Before you get started, we need to ensure the flow of electricity turned off. It would be better if we read the instructions manual prior to clean up and use the scanner properly so that scanner performance remains optimal.

Caring LCD

Caring LCD

     When cleaning the screen, try to always order the device into a power supply cable power off and uprooted. It is necessary to avoid the flow of electricity that may arise, when you was cleaning the monitor screen
     To clean the LCD monitor, it is better if you use a soft cloth and a special cleaning fluid monitor. Avoid liquids that contain alcohol, as pointed out can damage the monitor screen. In fact it is not impossible if the monitor will change color to opaque or exposed to scratches.
     When using cleaning fluid monitor, you should not spray liquid directly on the monitor. To be safe, spray it on a cloth first.
     Perform monitor the cleaning process slowly and do not press hard surface layer monitor. Keep a wiping motion in one direction.
     For the safety of the LCD monitor, use a screen protector to protect the monitor from dust or scratches.
     Should not put speakers or electronic items, as pointed out can cause magnetic interference, thus damaging the display monitor.
     Also avoid the habit of putting monitors or other electronic devices in locations exposed to direct sunlight, as this may damage the electronic resistance

Maintaining the Printer

Maintaining the Printer

     Always use the printer periodically (as often as possible at least 2 times a week), do not let your printer idle for too long, because the ink contained in the nozzle head can clog the drain so that the ink expenses
     Use the facility Clean Head (Software that came with the printer) for cleaning Nozle Head regularly (periodically).
     Clean the printer periodically parts from dust and dirt, do not let any foreign objects into or falls into your printer. Do not use a cloth soaked with water when cleaning the printer
     Do not unplug the printer when the printer is turned off, but use the on / off so that when turned off, the printer head will return to his position so that the ink does not easily dry out
     When printing make sure the paper is not many times but still use paper that is fine, because if caught can damage the printer roller
     Do not touch the electrical parts of the cartridge as the chip and head using your fingers, because static electricity may damage parts of the body sometimes, if forced membersikan use tissue paper with good quality, because poor-quality tissue paper it will leave the paper particles and potentially clog nozle head.
     If using refill ink refill make sure to use good quality, do not fill the cartridge too full because it can lead to leakage of cartrdige and can be spread on the motherboard printer.
     Do not let your empty printer without a cartridge in a long time, because it can cause the print head to dry.
     Note wastepad (waste ink) printer, replace wastepad disposal or use beyond that will not be more likely to smear ink in the printer.
     Never open the printer casing, because the printer components can only be in service by people who really have a grasp of.

Caring for Digital Cameras

Caring for Digital Cameras

     Avoid direct contact with sunlight.
     Keep your digital camera to avoid excessive shock
     Clean the camera and lens.
     Avoid scratches on the lens
     Avoid sea water.
     Do not be too frequent cleaning or cleaning the inside of the lens when the moldy
     Do not store it in the closet
     Beware of mothballs
     We recommend that you remove the battry when the digital camera is not going to use, and keep it away from the fire battry
     Do not ever remove battry or memory card while the camera is still alive, because it would damage the image or the memory card itself
     Insert the memory card correctly, because if one of the camera will hang
     It is important to install your digital camera to your computer first, also format the internal and external memory card when using it the first cal

MATERIALS I

MATERIALS I
Caring for Camcorders

     Do tingalkan tape in your camcorder when not in use. Cassettes can cause friction and this can cause problems in the process of recording and playback
     Do not insert a video cassette in really cold conditions. Moisture from the warm air can membut cassette attaches to the drum so that the damage can damage the tape and the video head
     Do not leave the battery in the camera when not in use. Some interesting camera battery energy in small amounts, but the constant so that it can drain the battery
     Do not leave the camcorder tapes in the car exposed to hot air
     Do not put labels on label tape camcorder which is probably against the cassette door opener. This can cause the tape stuck on the camera
     Treat your handycam to give it to the technician to clean the tape head when dirty. Such a treatment could make your camera more durable

Stove research and development

Stove research and development

The search for safer, cleaner stoves remains to many an important if low-profile area of modern technology.[10] Stoves in common use around the world, particularly in Third World countries, are considered fire hazards and worse: according to the World Health Organization, a million and a half people die each year from indoor smoke inhalation caused by faulty stoves.[5] An engineer's "Stove Camp" has been hosted annually since 1999 by Aprovecho Research Center[10] (Oregon, US) with the intent of designing a cheap, efficient, and healthy stove for use around the world.[11] Other engineering societies (see Envirofit, Colorado, US) and philanthropic groups (see the Gates Foundation, California, US) continue to research and promote improved stove designs.[10]

Emission regulation

Emission regulation

Many countries legislate to control emissions. In the U.S. since 1992, the Phase II EPA Woodstove Regulations require that all wood stoves being manufactured limit particulate emission to 7.5 grams per hour for stoves with after burners or 4.1 grams per hour for stoves with catalytic converters. [9]
The burn temperature in modern stoves can increase to the point where secondary and complete combustion of the fuel takes place. A properly fired masonry heater has little or no particulate pollution in the exhaust and does not contribute to the buildup of creosote in the heater flues or the chimney. Some stoves achieve as little as 1 to 4 grams per hour. This is roughly 90% less smoke than older stoves, and equates to nearly zero visible smoke from the chimney. This is largely achieved through causing the maximum amount of material to combust, which results in a net efficiency of 60 to 70% as contrasted to less than 30% for an open fireplace. (Net efficiency is the amount of heat energy transferred to the room compared to the amount contained in the wood, minus any amount central heating must work to compensate for airflow problems.)

Air-tight stove

Air-tight stove

The pentagonal self cleaning wood stove, is a EPA style secondary combustion air wood stove with a fan forced heat exchanger, thermostat, outside air intake with throttle, shakers, and ash drop for easy cleanup.
An air-tight stove is a wood-burning stove designed to burn solid fuel, traditionally wood, in a controlled fashion so as to provide for efficient and controlled fuel use, and the benefits of stable heating or cooking temperatures. They are made of sheet metal, consisting of a drum-like combustion chamber with airflow openings that can be open and shut, and a chimney of a metre or more length that turns from vertical to horizontal so as to leave the tent or building by a side wall rather than the roof.
These stoves are used most often to heat tents and buildings in winter. Wood or other fuel is put into the stove, lit, and then air flow is regulated to control the burn. The intake airflow is either at the level where fuel is added, or below it. The exhaust (smoke) from the stove is usually several metres above the combustion chamber.
Most modern air-tight stoves feature a damper at the stove's outlet that can be closed to force the exhaust through an after burner at the top of the stove, a heated chamber in which the combustion process continues. Some air-tight stoves feature a catalytic converter, a platinum grid placed at the stove outlet to burn remaining fuel that has not been combusted. (Gases burn at a much lower temperature in the presence of platinum.) [7] [8]
Using an air-tight stove initially requires leaving the damper and air vents open until a bed of coals has been formed. After that, the damper is closed and the air vent regulated to slow down the burning of the wood. A properly loaded and controlled air-tight stove will burn safely for eight hours or more without further attention.
These features provide a more complete combustion of wood and elimination of polluting combustion products. It also provides for regulation of the intensity of fire by limiting air flow, and for the fire to create a strong draught or draw up the chimney. This results in highly efficient fuel usage.
Air-tight stoves are a more sophisticated version of traditional wood burning rocket stoves. With the advent of new tent fabrics, they have fallen out of favour for tents because substituting nylon for canvas creates fire hazards.