- Bird - mercurial, that is, prone to insights, brainstorms, deceptions, ingeniousness and resourcefulness. they are cunning, opportunistic, creative, and unsentimental.
- Busenitz and Barney - prone to overconfidence and over generalizations.
- Cole - found there are four types of entrepreneur: the innovator, the calculating inventor, the over-optimistic promoter, and the organization builder. These types are not related to the personality but to the type of opportunity the entrepreneur faces.
- Collins and Moore - tough, pragmatic people driven by needs of independence and achievement. They seldom are willing to submit to authority.
- Cooper, Woo, & Dunkelberg - argue that entrepreneurs exhibit extreme optimism in their decision-making processes.
- John Howkins - focused specifically on creative entrepreneurship. He found that entrepreneurs in the creative industries needed a specific set of traits including the ability to prioritise ideas over data, to be nomadic and to learn endlessly. [10]
- David McClelland - primarily motivated by an overwhelming need for achievement and strong urge to build.
Selasa, 11 Desember 2012
Characteristics of an entrepreneur
Entrepreneurs have many of the same character traits as leaders, similar to the early great man theories
of leadership; however trait-based theories of entrepreneurship are
increasingly being called into question. Entrepreneurs are often
contrasted with managers and administrators who are said to be more
methodical and less prone to risk-taking. Such person-centric models of
entrepreneurship have shown to be of questionable validity, not least as
many real-life entrepreneurs operate in teams rather than as single
individuals. Still, a vast literature studying the entrepreneurial
personality argues that certain traits seem to be associated with
entrepreneurs:
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