Entrepreneurship is the act and art of being an entrepreneur or "'one'who undertakes innovations or introducing new things, finance and business acumen in an effort to transform innovations into economic goods". This may result in new organizations or may be part of revitalizing mature organizations in response to a perceived opportunity. The most obvious form of entrepreneurship is that of starting new businesses (referred as Startup Company);
however, in recent years, the term has been extended to include social
and political forms of entrepreneurial activity. When entrepreneurship
is describing activities within a firm or large organization it is
referred to as intra-preneurship and may include corporate venturing,
when large entities spin-off organizations.[1]
According to Paul Reynolds, entrepreneurship scholar and creator of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor,
"by the time they reach their retirement years, half of all working men
in the United States probably have a period of self-employment of one
or more years; one in four may have engaged in self-employment for six
or more years. Participating in a new business creation is a common
activity among U.S. workers over the course of their careers." [2] And in recent years has been documented by scholars such as David Audretsch
to be a major driver of economic growth in both the United States and
Western Europe. "As well, entrepreneurship may be defined as the pursuit
of opportunity without regard to resources currently controlled
(Stevenson,1983)" [3]
Entrepreneurial activities are substantially different depending on
the type of organization and creativity involved. Entrepreneurship
ranges in scale from solo projects (even involving the entrepreneur only
part-time) to major undertakings creating many job opportunities. Many
"high value" entrepreneurial ventures seek venture capital or angel funding (seed money) in order to raise capital
to build the business. Angel investors generally seek annualized
returns of 20-30% and more, as well as extensive involvement in the
business.[4] Many kinds of organizations now exist to support would-be entrepreneurs including specialized government agencies, business incubators, science parks, and some NGOs.
In more recent times, the term entrepreneurship has been extended to
include elements not related necessarily to business formation activity
such as conceptualizations of entrepreneurship as a specific mindset (see also entrepreneurial mindset) resulting in entrepreneurial initiatives e.g. in the form of social entrepreneurship, political entrepreneurship, or knowledge entrepreneurship have emerged.
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar